In contrast, non-HER2 targeting moieties or non-targeted liposome nanoparticles resulted in the accumulation of particles in the perivascular and stromal space of the tumor site in higher proportion. Int. Nat. 9(2), 194201 (2013), P.M. Valencia et al., Effects of ligands with different water solubilities on self-assembly and properties of targeted nanoparticles. Biomaterials 31(30), 76067619 (2010), S.D. Mishra S, Bhatt T, Kumar H, Jain R, Shilpi S, Jain V. Front Pharmacol. 359(17), 1834 (2008), X. Li et al., Enhancement of cell recognition in vitro by dual-ligand cancer targeting gold nanoparticles. J. The above discussion signifies the importance of liposomes in drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. 65(1), 7179 (2013), R.K. Jain, T. Stylianopoulos, Delivering nanomedicine to solid tumors. The purity of the nanoparticles, surface to volume ratio, chemical composition, aggregation states, crystal planes, stability, nanoparticleprotein interactions, incubation conditions, cell types, cell treatment, and other factors may also contribute to the cellular uptake and distribution. Pharm. Smart Magnetic Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Cancer. The use of diverse nanomaterials with desired properties and recent progress in the drug delivery arena have revealed outstanding challenges in cancer therapy and management. Liu et al. Eur. Ag nanoparticles have been used to deliver drugs that can elevate the therapeutic indices of the drug [148]. Ferritin: A Promising Nanoreactor and Nanocarrier for Bionanotechnology. Int. The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the arena of cancer diagnosis and treatment. They have an ultra-small size, large . The outcomes of the study are promising and recommend a topical nanoformulation to enhance drug efficacy against skin cancer. have demonstrated increased cell membrane permeability by hyperthermia from multi-walled carbon nanotube, thereby enhancing drug delivery to tumor targets [201]. Biotechnol. Biomaterials 32(31), 80108020 (2011), S. Mignani et al., Dendrimers in combination with natural products and analogues as anti-cancer agents. Acta Biomater. C 89, 307315 (2018), C. Huang et al., Amphiphilic prodrug-decorated graphene oxide as a multi-functional drug delivery system for efficient cancer therapy. IET Nanobiotechnol. 23(11), 14181423 (2005), D. Peer et al., Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Nat. Polymeric nanoparticles are efficient in enhancing therapeutic and diagnostic effects over conventional medicines. 106(27), 10912 (2009), J. Shi et al., Nanotechnology in drug delivery and tissue engineering: from discovery to applications. Fuster MG, Montalbn MG, Moulefera I, Vllora G, Kaplan DL. Mater. Invest. Adv. Table2 highlights various inorganic nanocarriers for delivery of anticancer therapeutics. Appl. Nanomaterials are materials in the nanorange 1-100 nm which possess unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. Several strategies have also been developed to accomplish liposomal codelivery of chemotherapeutic agents. This alteration could cause nanoparticles to lose their specificity leading to sub-optimal localization in desired sites or at cellular targets. 2023 Feb 26;13(5):876. doi: 10.3390/nano13050876. In the fight against cancer, early detection is a key factor for successful treatment. Nat. The influence of surface coating on the toxicity and cellular uptake of Au nanorods were studied revealing the surface chemistry dependent cellular uptake of Au nanorods covered with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) [PDDAC] [127]. When multiple ligand molecules are accumulated onto the nanosystems, there is an overall increase in the avidity of the nanoparticles for its cognate target [45]. 95(8), 46074612 (1998), G.-H. A schematic representation of the major challenges in the delivery of cancer nanotherapeutics is depicted in Fig. 44, 16681678 (2018), A.S. Semkina et al., Multimodal doxorubicin loaded magnetic nanoparticles for VEGF targeted theranostics of breast cancer. Chem. From the above discussion, it is evident that dendrimers are nanoplatforms which can be tuned for therapeutic applications, and show great promise in the treatment of various cancers. Due to variable endothelial gaps resulting from vigorous tumorous cell growth, it can result in non-uniform extravasation of nanoparticles into the target area [36]. Hillier et al., Preclinical evaluation of novel glutamate-urea-lysine analogues that target prostate-specific membrane antigen as molecular imaging pharmaceuticals for prostate cancer. Netala et al., Biogenesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Indigofera hirsuta L. and their potential biomedical applications (3-in-1 system). Ahmed et al., Double-receptor-targeting multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles drug delivery system for the treatment and imaging of prostate cancer. These smart nanosystems trigger the release of the drug trapped in the pores to the target sites in the presence of either endogenous or exogenous stimuli, with control on the administered dose. Transl. In one study, anti-HER2 targeting ligand moieties functionalized on the surface of liposome increased the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles in HER2-expressing cancer cells. 66(13), 67326740 (2006), H. Zhou et al., IGF1 receptor targeted theranostic nanoparticles for targeted and image-guided therapy of pancreatic cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett. Nano Lett. These nanocarriers help overcome the unwanted side effects in normal tissues and increase circulation time, bioavailability, and accumulation of drug at target-site by reducing toxicity and protect the chemotherapeutic agents from the surrounding environment. In fact, most of our current knowledge is based on a few subcutaneous tumor xenograft models that divide vigorously resulting in very high EPR effects. Soc. Process Biochem. 4(2), 113121 (2015), B. Kumar et al., In vitro evaluation of silver nanoparticles cytotoxicity on Hepatic cancer (Hep-G2) cell line and their antioxidant activity: green approach for fabrication and application. Today Proc. mRNA transcriptome profiling of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 treated with. 252(1), 263266 (2003), X. Therefore, synthesis and characterization of the nanomaterials for drug delivery need to be carefully performed to avoid the potential unwanted toxicity of nanocarriers to healthy cells [23]. Carbohyd. All these strategies can reduce the systemic toxicity at the tumor sites by ensuring that healthy cells are not affected. The in vivo antitumor studies suggested that the tumor volume drastically reduced in mice in the presence of magnetic nanocarrier, magnet and laser. 52(2), 899912 (2015), S. Ma et al., Highly stable fluorinated nanocarriers with iRGD for overcoming the stability dilemma and enhancing tumor penetration in an orthotopic breast cancer. Theranostics 4(8), 834844 (2014), M. Li et al., Enhanced synergism of thermo-chemotherapy for liver cancer with magnetothermally responsive nanocarriers. J. Photochem. Unfortunately, the understanding of EPR effects is limited by the unavailability of accurately recapitulated solid tumor models in humans. J. Thus, nanotechnology is creating new opportunities for designing materials that can revolutionize the approaches to drug delivery and transform the landscape of the pharmacological treatment of cancer [7, 24,25,26]. In a recent study, co-delivery of two chemotherapeutic agents (tamoxifen and imatinib mesylate) using a liposome carrier system was developed to treat breast cancer. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Current standards of care combine precise staging of cancer with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or surgical resection. Mater. Nanoconstructs for theranostic application in cancer: Challenges and strategies to enhance the delivery. Control. Therefore, actively-targeted nanosystems need to be developed with extended blood circulation times and biocompatible profiles, along with neutral coating to prevent extensive non-specific binding of blood molecules. Environ. Nat. Interfaces 9(4), 39853994 (2017), K. Yin Win, S.-S. Feng, Effects of particle size and surface coating on cellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles for ral delivery of anticancer drugs. Commun. 107(11), 29022913 (2018), L. Wang et al., A novel -enolase-targeted drug delivery system for high efficacy prostate cancer therapy. Colloids Surf. In addition, many other factors have a profound consequence on nanomaterials uptake and distribution in cells. Similarly, graphene oxide with galactosylated chitosan with doxorubicin have been developed for the treatment of cancer. Nano Convergence Photobiol. Res. Chu, Cetuximab-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy. The authors announce no competing of interest. Byrne, T. Betancourt, L. Brannon-Peppas, Active targeting schemes for nanoparticle systems in cancer therapeutics. 112(5), 27392779 (2012), D. Peer et al., Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Choi et al., Mechanism of active targeting in solid tumors with transferrin-containing gold nanoparticles. Google Scholar, X. Gao et al., In vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots. 2020 Dec 15;591:119986. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119986. Persistent insoluble particles in in the environment can have far bigger negative effects than those revealed by human health assessments. 46, 2533 (2018), Z. Wei et al., Antitumor effect of a Pt-loaded nanocomposite based on graphene quantum dots combats hypoxia-induced chemoresistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Emerging evidence has also shown that nanoparticles have the . 45(6), 10821091 (2017), Z. Muhammad et al., PEG capped methotrexate silver nanoparticles for efficient anticancer activity and biocompatibility. The cells are also counterstained with nuclear fast red. Targeting specificity and payload delivery capacity are two critical parameters required to optimize the efficiency and viability of a nanoparticle-based active targeted systems in in vivo settings. Drug Deliv. Werner et al., Folate-targeted nanoparticle delivery of chemo- and radiotherapeutics for the treatment of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis. Int. Int. 111, 964970 (2014), M. Ghorbani, H. Hamishehkar, Redox and pH-responsive gold nanoparticles as a new platform for simultaneous triple anti-cancer drugs targeting. CAS by V. Kumar, N. Dasgupta, S. Ranjan (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2018), pp. Biomaterials 32(10), 25402545 (2011), S. Bhattacharyya et al., Efficient delivery of gold nanoparticles by dual receptor targeting. 509(1), 168177 (2016), A. Kumari, S.K. National Library of Medicine Mater. 8d, e was determined by magnetic resonance imaging and showed that temozolomide and siRNA conjugated nanocomplex had a volume of 8211mm3 which is much less than the volume resulting with the other treatments. Prog. Rev. 8b. Zhu et al., Surface properties dictate uptake, distribution, excretion, and toxicity of nanoparticles in fish. Nano Converg. Here, the size and size-dependent properties of the material will be the key to improving penetration into the matrix. 12(8), 28112822 (2015), I.M. Biomater. Biol. J. Nanomed. Brown et al., Gold nanoparticles for the improved anticancer drug delivery of the active component of oxaliplatin. Sci. There are two categories of nanosystems, open-loop control systems and closed-loop control systems, grouped according to what activation factors stimulate drug release as schematically shown in Fig. Before 13, 1113 (2018), M.B. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as theranostic nanoparticles providing a means to address the unmet clinical challenges in the treatment of cancer by imaging drug delivery and tumor response [153,154,155,156,157]. Sci. J. Biol. Int. Part of Areas covered: Nanoparticles (NPs) used as drug delivery vehicles consist of. The cytotoxicity of the dendrimer encapsulated doxorubicin and LFC131-DOX-D4 to BT-549-Luc cells was evaluated and the IC50 value of LFC131-DOXD4 was 2.8 fold of DOX-D4 against BT-549-Luc cells and it was 6.8 fold of DOX-D4 against T47D cells after 24h of incubation, indicating that the ligand conjugated doxorubicin encapsulated dendrimer can enhance the cytotoxicity of the drug against the cancer cell lines [281]. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! National Library of Medicine The most striking properties of dendrimers such as branches, distinct molecular weight and globular assembly with meticulous surface functionality, and multivalency, can be exploited to be used as carriers for drug delivery [275]. Cancer 105(4), 561567 (2003), R.B. Oncotarget 8(35), 5873858753 (2017), L. Meng et al., Chitosan-based nanocarriers with pH and light dual response for anticancer drug delivery. California Privacy Statement, . These are responsive to pH, temperature, enzyme, light, the concentration of glutathione [283]. However, the detection of cancer in the early stage has been hindered by the intrinsic limits of conventional cancer diagnostic methods. ACS Appl. ACS Nano 6(5), 44834493 (2012), F. Lu et al., Size effect on cell uptake in well-suspended, uniform mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The surface chemistry of Au nanoparticles and their use in cancer treatment have been extensively studied [125, 126]. Bioconjug. Pharm. An official website of the United States government. They employed EGFR and folate receptor (FR) overexpressed in ovarian cancer as target surface molecules, and used monoclonal antibodies against these receptors as dual ligands for Au nanoparticle targeting. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 11, 31593166 (2016), P.-C. Liang et al., Doxorubicin-modified magnetic nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for magnetic resonance imaging-monitoring magnet-enhancing tumor chemotherapy. Nanotechnol. approaches in cancer treatment are (a) Surgical excision, (b) Irradiation and (c) Chemotherapy. Moreover, the involvement of complicated multi-stage processes of production of nanotherapeutics and the high cost of raw materials renders these nanotherapeutics an expensive option. Soft Matter 14(12), 24002410 (2018), A. Siriviriyanun et al., Cyclodextrin- and dendrimer-conjugated graphene oxide as a nanocarrier for the delivery of selected chemotherapeutic and photosensitizing agents. Biopharm. J. Pharm. 132(13), 46784684 (2010), I. Rep. 6, 28983 (2016), J. Nie, Y. Wang, W. Wang, In vitro and in vivo evaluation of stimuli-responsive vesicle from PEGylated hyperbranched PAMAM-doxorubicin conjugate for gastric cancer therapy. 30(45), 299315 (2009), Y. Kato et al., Acidic extracellular microenvironment and cancer. Biol. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy and Its Role in Overcoming Drug Resistance. Biotechnol. There are different classes of liposomes used as drug delivery platforms for enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapeutics [232]. Tamoxifen and imatinib mesylate were released in controlled manner from the temperature sensitive liposomes prepared using a combination of phospholipids with a transition temperature near to 39C. Am. The use of nanocarriers in the treatment of cancer may result in unwanted toxicity through unfavourable interactions with biological entities [289]. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Several studies have revealed the detrimental properties of nanocarriers due to their toxicity [290, 291]. heather mcdonald sister kathy mcdonald,
disadvantages of nanotechnology in cancer treatment