Rizvi et al. 1935. it." Wildcards e.g. "Do not abuse (i.e. [45] In a reported narration Muhammad made female genital cutting optional, but he warned against harming women. [36], The Bible does not mention FGM. I took two muslim witnesses and the girl's guardian to the local mosque. //]]>, Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q&A 1997-2023. two circumcised parts meet, then ghusl is obligatory., According to HadithAnswers.com is a site that seeks to serve the Muslim World by attending to queries that pertain to the Noble Traditions of Rasulullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam). The narrator said: I have forgotten the tenth, but it may have been rinsing the mouth. Khitan (Arabic: ) means male circumcision, but it can also encompass FGM. Imam Ahmad said: Ibn 'Abbas was very strict on this matter, and it was narrated that there is no Hajj and no prayer for him, i.e., if a person is not circumcised his Hajj and prayer are not valid. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8464671.stm, Dissecting the claims of legitimization for the ritual of female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM). This is seeking perfection, not removing something harmful. (Al-Sharh al-Mumti, 1/133-134). We do not know of any hadeeth in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered that his wives or daughters be circumcised, but it is narrated that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised a woman who did circumcision in Madeenah as to the proper way of circumcision. circumcision is done by cutting a small part of the skin that looks like a Alsirah al-halabiyyah. rather it is Sunnah and is an honour for them. Arabic; answer to question no. A hadith of the Prophet (SAW) tells us that Prophet Ibrahim (AS) circumcised himself when he was eighty years old. [31][32] The examination of mummies has shown no evidence of FGM. In Malaysia, for example, the operation is a puberty rite that separates the boy from childhood and introduces him to adulthood. him peace, was circumcised when he was eighty years old. out! as occuring when the circumcized parts cross or touch each other. Lengthy analysis are posted on www.Al-Miftah.com, 183 Musgrave Road,Durban, 4001, South Africa If The following Muslim website, Islam Questions & Answers, writes in Get him out! Ibn-al-jallab (died 988, Malikite) Hanafi Madhab The Hanafi view is that it is a sunnah (optional act) for both females and males 'Delinking Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting from Islam' by Ibrahim Lethome Asmani & Maryam Sheikh Abdi (2008) Circumcision is sunnah and fitrah. If the answer was 'Yes,' she said, 'Praise be to Allah, the Many of the Brothers (and Salafis) argue that while it is not mandatory, it is nevertheless mukarama (preferable, pleasing in the eyes of God). "Circumcision is obligatory for men, and it is an honour for women, but it is not made supplication, so may Allah bless you for your supplication. Finds terms that are similar in spelling. We do not know of any difference of opinion on this matter, because it is doing something that is needed and which is allowed in shariah. See Silsilah al-Ahadith al-Daifah by al-Albani, no. It is also used to describe the site of the circumcision, as in the hadith, When the two circumcised parts (al-khitanan) meet, ghusl becomes obligatory. In the case of a female the word used is khafad. explanation of the Islamic reasons for (male) circumcision. hadeeth was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. Finds terms that are similar in spelling. The issue of female circumcision is very contentious. [6] There are four WHO categories: FGM is concentrated in what Gerry Mackie called an "intriguingly contiguous" zone in Africaeast to west from Somalia to Senegal, and north to south from Egypt to Tanzania. in this article. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. In Iraq and Iran, it's carried out only among the Sunni minorities. According to tradition Muhammad was born without a foreskin (aposthetic). the husband. I.e. This is the view of Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him). test* W. La Barre, The Ghost Dance, London, 1972, Volume II of al-Hayawan by Jahiz, ed. In this book he wrote an extensive chapter in which he spoke of circumcision and the rulings thereon . He states that the Arabic for "the two circumcision organs" is a single word used to connote two forms of circumcision. Source: window.__mirage2 = {petok:"xVsF4tydGBzFHxpo02G0TmoEylr5mDjeg1ZmmUFT8oQ-1800-0"}; Muslims believe the removal of the foreksin makes it easier to keep the penis clean because urine can't get trapped there. bazr) of the clitoris (Shaykh Nuh Keller: not the clitoris itself, as some mistakenly assert)." [19] A 2013 UNICEF report identified 17 African countries in which at least 10 percent of Christian women and girls aged 1549 had undergone it. '", Aslam, the client of 'Umar, said, "When we came to Syria with [79][80][81][82], Most forms of Judaism requires male circumcision, but it does not allow FGM and the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) does not mention it. [58] The Hanafi and Hanbali schools of Islamic jurisprudence view it as makruma for women ("noble", as opposed to obligatory). This article looks at the reasons for this. This suggests that the He chewed the dates and opened the child's mouth and put some chewed general and others are of the view that circumcising women is obligatory. Get him large, then part of it should be removed, otherwise it should be left alone. For men it is more strictly required, but for women it is less strictly required." The Messenger of Allah said to the woman who did circumcisions: Leave something sticking out and do not go to extremes in cutting. bazr) of the clitoris (n: not the clitoris itself, Circumcision is Sunnah for men and women. [1][4][2][7] In the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, both male and female circumcision were carried out by Pagan Arabian tribes,[1][2][7] and male circumcision by the Jewish tribes of Arabia for religious reasons. For the majority of Muslims, circumcision is seen as an introduction to the Islamic faith and a sign of belonging. I gave him some He would fast one day and break the fast the next day, Ibn Qudamah said in al-Mughni (1/115): As for circumcision, it is obligatory for men and it is good in the case of women, but it is not obligatory for them. Create complex phrase and word queries by using Boolean logic. (Tuhfat al-Mawlud, 1/152) History of circumcision him and grant him peace, said, "Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant That makes her face look brighter and is more pleasing to her husband. That is because the purpose of circumcising a man is to make him clean from the impurity that may collect beneath the foreskin. Some Muslims see circumcision as a preventive measure against infection and diseases. The Sunnah is not to cut all explanation of the Islamic reasons for (male) circumcision. It is strongly encouraged but not enforced. Muslims are still the largest single religious group to circumcise boys. sacrificed a ram on our behalf. [16] It has been found among Coptic Christians in Egypt, Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia, and Protestants and Catholics in Sudan and Kenya. [6], The occasion is widely celebrated in Turkey and called "Snnet Treni", which marks the child's transition to adulthood. The one who is uncircumcised is called aghlaf or aqlaf. O: excerpt from the commentary of Sheikh 'Umar Barakat), The Muslim site Islam Q&A gives a We do not According to historians of religion and scholars of Religious studies, the Islamic tradition of circumcision was derived from the Pagan practices and rituals of pre-Islamic Arabia,[7] and is never mentioned in the Quran. 1981:34, DS Hellsten. by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, [by whom?] [54][55] Ali Gomaa, then Grand Mufti of Egypt, stated: "It's prohibited, prohibited, prohibited. practice of circumcizing women was widespread among the pagan Arabs Hence immoral actions are more common among the women of the Tatars and the Franks, that are not found among the Muslim women. Fuzzy Search e.g. obligatory for them. The following traditions are found in Malik's Muwatta: Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he heard Said According to Circumcisions are usually carried out in a clinic or hospital. The ritual dates back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad. [76] According to a 20152016 survey, over 80 percent of 365 Dawoodi Bohra women surveyed wanted the practice to end. roosters comb, above the exit of the urethra. pledge^4 hijrah test* Abd-al-Baqi, Cairo, Ibn Majah, Kitab Sunan, ed. him and grant him peace, said, "Five things are included in the fitra: trimming the moustache, cutting the nails, shaving the pubic hair, plucking The child licked his lips. ", "Considering Converting: Is it necessary to be circumcised? FGM as a practice is nearly universally unknown among the orthodox Shia Muslims. five things or five things are part of the fitrah circumcision, shaving Hefner, Robert (1985). says is: "Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) The age at which it is performed varies depending on family, region and country. Wildcards e.g. 575, and Muslim's anthology of authentic hadith, IV, item 2370. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. Boolean Operators e.g. provided by Nuh Hah Mim Keller is not correct, since what the Arabic actually is not obligatory but sunna, while Hanafis consider it a mere courtesy to [3] Male circumcision is widespread in the Muslim world,[3] and accepted as an established practice by all Islamic schools of jurisprudence. (n.d.): 5455, Malik ibn Anas, Ketab al-mowatta, Volume I, pages 45-47, traditions 70-75. ed. Berkey, J. P. (1996). authenticity of this hadith. Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (saws) in English and Arabic Sahih al-Bukhari 6298 - Asking Permission - - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad ( ) Answer Imams Abu Dawud, Hakim (rahimahumallah) and others have recorded the following narration: Ummu 'Atiyyah Al Ansariyyah (radiyallahu 'anha) reports that a woman would perform circumcision in Madinah. pledge^4 hijrah with his wife while in ihram who has sent a message to Madina asking about [3] In some Muslim-majority countries, circumcision is performed on Muslim boys after they have learned to recite the whole Quran from start to finish. That is if her husband has In fact studying all these chains of narrators benefits a student of the science of hadith by introducing more than 30 problematic and weak narrators of hadith to him/her who are all over these chains of narrators. cutting; that is better for the woman and more liked by the husband. This Al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The well-known correct view is that everything covering the glans must be cut. After him, circumcision continued among the messengers and their followers, even the Messiah. In 2004, after CNN broadcast images of a girl in Cairo undergoing FGM, then Grand Mufti of Egypt Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi declared that hadiths on FGM were unreliable. were to kiss his wife and no emission were to occur from that, he would only in Arabic with facing English text, commentary and appendices A: comment by Sheikh 'Abd al-Wakil Durubi; Circumcision was introduced to many lands of the Middle East and North Africa for the first time through Islam itself following the early Muslim conquests under the Rshidn Caliphate, whose commanders were the companions and contemporaries of Muhammad. know of any hadeeth in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah and none It is strongly encouraged but not enforced. Allah's Messenger () said "The Prophet) Abraham circumcised himself after Circumcision is the Sunnah of Prophet Ibrahim and the prophets after him. woman and more liked by her husband." a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the supplication, then you say, "Amen".' this man? Greeks and Abyssinians became Muslim with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah she exclaimed, 'A shaytan! A hadith with similar wording is quoted, attributed to Usama al-Huthali, who directly quotes the Prophet (pbuh) as saying: "Circumcision is a sunna for men and a sign of respect for women". Shaafais, the Hanbalis according to the well-known view of their madhhab, In the original Arabic: Al-khitnu sunnatun li ar-rijli makrumatun li an-nis. [1][2][4] Shte traditions, however, such as those practised in Iran, have the most stringent requirements for male circumcision, since it is seen as a ritual of purification akin to Christian baptism rather than an initiation to adulthood. In the following some relevant quotations from the Muslim traditions [74], Shiite religious texts, such as the hadith transmitted by Al-Sadiq, indicate circumcision is only required for men. have himself circumcised, even if he was old. In Islam, circumcision is not obligatory. he only has to do an umra and sacrifice an animal and he does not have by MuhammadLutfi al-Sabbagh published by World Health Organisation (1996). Vol. The Shfi school instead regards it as binding on all Muslims, both males and females. That this occurred also among Muslims is shown by the following hadith: Various hadith define legal intercourse (for purity purposes) 61382. [27] The practice's distribution in Africa meets in Nubia in the Sudan, leading Mackie to suggest that Type III FGM began there with the Meroite civilization (c.800BCEc.350CE) to increase confidence in paternity. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. Indeed, they led the way in referring to it as mutilation; from 1929 the Kenya Missionary Council called it the "sexual mutilation of women", following the lead of Marion Scott Stevenson, a Church of Scotland missionary. years after that. "A Tiny Cut": Female Circumcision in South East Asia", The Islamic Monthly. Some of the authentic . the armpits, and using the siwak (arak stick for cleaning the teeth).". Log in, Join our e-mail list for regular site news and updates, All Rights Reserved for Islam Q&A 1997-2023. gave him the name 'Abdullah. ", An old woman from Kufa, the grandmother of 'Ali ibn Ghurab, reported Note first Create an account, If you do not have an account, you can click the button below to create one, Create new account a group of the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant The greatest opposition in the area, he writes, is from syncretic Muslims in Java; some practitioners use the root of the turmeric plant to perform an alternative symbolic procedure. for forty years. Islam Q&A, You can ask your question on the website via this link: https://islamqa.info/en/ask, Password should contain small, capital letter and at least 8 characters long, Log in Al-furu'min al-kafi. Lord of the Worlds.'". Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote a useful book on the rulings concerning the newborn, which he called Tuhfat al-Mawdud fi Ahkam al-Mawlud. [72] In 2013 the Indonesian Ulema Council, Indonesia's top Muslim clerical body, ruled that it favours FGM, stating that although it is not mandatory, it is "morally recommended". Male Circumcision is among the rites of Islam and is part of the (in Arabic): fitrah, As recorded in Hadith@ Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Five are the acts quite akin to fitrah:Circumcision, clipping or shaving the pubes, cutting the nails, plucking or shaving the hair under the armpits and clipping (or shaving) the moustache." The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Muslim Sects/Views/Customs, Other Faiths, . emission if it is the result of bodily contact. Joo dos Santos wrote in 1609 of a group near Mogadishu who had a "custome to sew up their Females, especially their slaves being young to make them unable for conception, which makes these slaves sell dearer, both for their chastitie, and for better confidence which their Masters put in them". a report narrated by al-Tirmidhi (109) and elsewhere: When the two Yahya said, 'We had a man with the kunya of Abu her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: The ritual dates back to the time of the Prophet. There is no equivalent of a Jewish 'mohel' in Islam. [a][5][33][34] The more precise Arabic term for specifically "female circumcision" or female genital mutilation is khaf. woman who did circumcision in Madeenah as to the proper way of circumcision. This hadith suggests that both male and female circumcision was recognized by the Prophet. [35], According to UNICEF, over 200 million women in Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and Southeast Asia have been subjected to the practice and are living with female genital mutilation. Thomas, Lynn M. (2000). De Buck, Adriaan and Gardiner, Alan (1961). In the case of women, it serves a useful purpose which is to reduce desire. In the case of a woman, it means cutting the skin that looks like the comb of a rooster at the top of the vagina, between the two labia; if it is cut the base of it should be left like a date pit. 'Adi was sent for and he came to them. I wanted to perform Nikah with a christian girl. "Yes," she replied. But it's not true that it's an old Arabic custom, because there are hieroglyphics in Egypt showing that ancient Egyptians use to practice circumcision. prepared some food for you and I would like you to bring some nobles with Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam. do not go to extremes in circumcising); that is better for the [86] Buddhism strongly reject it. (al-Mawsuah al-Fiqhiyyah 19/28). should be paid, regardless of the difference of opinion among the scholars another report: Take only a little and do not go to extremes., It is also as to whether it is obligatory or mustahabb. Marriageability is its "main engine of continuation". The linguistic ambiguity of the hadith, and the fact that the hadith does not address directly the issue of female circumcision renders this hadith as a doubtful source for a ruling on female circumcision. The term he used for both was khitan. Fatwas have been issued forbidding FGM,[13] favouring it,[14] and leaving the decision to parents but advising against it. 1935. response to a question regarding female circumcision: Ibn Qudamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said, in his book al-Mughni: removing the prepuce (Ar. ", Bilal ibn Ka'b al-'Ukki said, "We - Ibrahim ibn Adham, 'Abdu'l-'Aziz which is situated above the opening of the urethra. [2] Amongst Muslim legal scholars (Ulama), there are differing opinions about the compulsory or non-obligatory status of circumcision in accordance with the Islamic law (shara). When a man sits between the four parts (arms and legs of his wife) and the Vol.1 Beirut: Al-maktabah al-islamiyyah. Al-furu'min al-kafi. He was circumcised One hadith from the Sunan Abu Dawood collection states: "A woman used to perform circumcision in Medina. For example test* would result in test, tester, testers, etc. [6][10], FGM is practised predominantly within certain Muslim societies,[11] but it also exists within some adjacent Christian and animist groups. [77] In 2017 two doctors and a third woman connected to the Dawoodi Bohra in Detroit, Michigan, were arrested on charges of conducting FGM on two seven-year-old girls in the United States. Some of them said, "They should be kept apart until a future year," and In this matter, it is wise to follow the interests of the female: if the clitoris is [28][29], The proposed circumcision of an Egyptian girl is mentioned on a Greek papyrus from 163BCE. circumcisions in Madinah. If I make before Islam, and the lady who performed these kinds of surgery was Female genital (sexual) mutilation or cutting off a part of her genital is certainly a crime against girls and there is no permission and justification for parents to do this operation. [7] Post-Islamic converts such as Afshin were found guilty in trials of remaining uncircumcised. The Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him) told her: Create your own unique website with customizable templates. ", "Women in small Muslim sect say they have had FGM in Canada", "Nearly 100 Girls May Have Had Genitals Cut by Doctors in Michigan, Prosecutor Says", "I Asked Bohri Women About Their Practice Of Female Genital Cutting Or Female "Khatna" And Here's What They Had To Say", "Female genital mutilation in Pakistan, and beyond", "African Culture, Traditional, Aspects of", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation&oldid=1151825967, "Female genital mutilation comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons" (, Type II (excision): complete or partial removal of the. February 2017. Circumcision is mandatory for Muslims based on tradition, [1][7][19][20] According to some other adth reports, Muhammad supposedly circumcised his grandsons, asan ibn Al and usayn ibn Al, on the seventh day after their birth. He answered "not as long as he is not circumcised". Dr Bashir Quereshi, author of Transcultural Medicine, explains: "Every Muslim is expected to follow the way and the life of the Prophet Muhammad. That will be a stronger and nobler action for me.' [2] The Maliki and Shafi'i schools do not differentiate its ruling from that of male circumcision; the former considering it recommended and not obligatory (mandb), whilst the for the latter, it is obligatory (wjib). 'A'isha passed But the purpose of circumcising women is to regulate their desire, because if a woman is not circumcised her desire will be strong. to do another hajj and sacrifice an animal. Is there a Hadith regarding female circumcision? [3] The circumciser can be either male or female,[3] and is not required to be a Muslim. Even Abu Dawud himself, who has narrated this, and the hadith is often quoted from his collection, writes that the hadith is weak. Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: The fitrah is she exclaimed, 'A shaytan! [38][b] In 2007, in a landmark ruling on the practice, the authoritative Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research in Cairo declared that female genital mutilation has "no basis in core Islamic law or any of its partial provisions".[39][c]. that Umm al-Muhajir said, "I was captured with some girls from Byzantium. Until the 1980s FGM was widely known as female circumcision, which gave the erroneous impression that it was equivalent in severity and health effects to male circumcision. The main reason given for the ritual is cleanliness. you. Boosts words with higher relevance. Al-Mawsooah al-Fiqhiyyah (19/28). None of the chains of narrators of this hadith are defect-less.
circumcision hadith