operation frequent wind photos

By 20:30 the last evacuees had been loaded onto helicopters. Eligible evacuees now had to make themselves known to the Marine guards or embassy staff manning the walls and were then lifted over the walls and into the embassy compound. The Air America pilot shut down his helicopter and left it. She participated in "Operation Frequent Wind" during April 1975, rescuing many South Vietnamese refugees fleeing the conquest of Saigon by North Vietnamese communists. That same day, theMidwayarrived off Vung Tau on the southern coast of South Vietnam [6]:99 The Hanoi leadership, reckoning that completion of the evacuation would lessen the risk of American intervention, had apparently instructed General Dng not to target the airlift itself. Events in South Vietnam were approaching a crescendo of panic. [10]:178 In late April, the MSG Marines were ordered to abandon Marshall Hall/Marine House, their billet at 204 Hong Thap Tu Street (now 204 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai Street), and move into the recreation area in the embassy compound. The crew evacuated the burning aircraft on the taxiway and departed the airfield on another C-130 that had previously landed. [20]:20, At 11:00 the security situation at the Air America compound was deteriorating as General Carey did not wish to risk his Marines by extending his perimeter to cover the Air America compound (LZ 40), so all Air America helicopters from this time operated out of the tennis courts in the DAO Annex (LZ 35). WebLawrence Cleveland "Larry" Chambers (born June 10, 1929) is the first African American to command a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier and the first African-American graduate of the Naval Academy to reach flag rank. Find ratings and reviews for the newest movie and TV shows. continue reading , By the middle of April, the South Vietnamese were steadily losing ground and U. S. planners initiated a contingency evacuation plan to fly out government personnel and other imperiled people if South Vietnam collapsed. Major Kean was then ordered to withdraw his men into the chancery building and withdraw to the rooftop LZ for evacuation. [39], The second act of the stage musical Miss Saigon depicts events leading up to, and during Operation Frequent Wind, with the main protagonists (Chris and Kim) becoming separated as a result of the evacuation. [16] Japanese journalists, concerned that they would not recognize the tune, had to get someone to sing it to them. [10] [20] This move created fuel problems for Air America as they no longer had access to the fuel supplies in their compound and at least initially they were refused fuel by the ships of TF76. [10] At that time Major Kean estimated that there were still some 850 non-American evacuees and 225 Americans (including the Marines), and Ambassador Martin told Major Kean to do the best he could. We are the proud owners of Patches BuNo 153715. [21] From the billowing incinerator on the embassy roof floated intelligence documents and US currency, most charred; some not. [6]:121, Midway deck crew surround Major Buang and his family, At the same time as the aerial evacuation, tens of thousands of South Vietnamese fled towards TF-76 aboard junks, sampans, and small craft. Called Operation Frequent Wind, the plan involved the use of U. S. Air Force helicopters to ferry the evacuees from landing zones around Saigon to ships of the Seventh Fleet waiting off shore, including the USS Midway Moments later a RVNAF UH-1H attempted to land on the helipad, locked rotors with the Air America Bell, almost pushing it overboard. [20]:21 At some point during the morning RVNAF personnel took five ICCS UH-1H Hueys and one Air America Bell 204 from the Air America ramp. Company G occupied the eastern section of the Annex, while Company H assumed control of the western section. Once the deck was clear Major Buang approached the deck, bounced once and then touched down and taxied to a halt with room to spare. At 11:30 PAVN tanks smashed through the gates of the Presidential Palace less than 1km from the embassy and raised the flag of the Viet Cong over the building; the Vietnam War was over. [21], By the morning of 29 April, it was estimated that approximately 10,000 people had gathered around the embassy, while some 2,500 evacuees were in the embassy and consular compounds. The destroyer remained in service until decommissioned on 20 December 1975 and officially transferred to the Republic of China through the Security Assistance Major Kean contacted the Seventh Fleet to advise them of his airlift requirements; until that time the fleet believed that all evacuees had been bussed from the embassy to the DAO Compound and that only two helicopters would be required to evacuate Ambassador Martin and the Marines from the embassy. [10], At 19:30 General Carey directed that the remaining elements guarding the Annex be withdrawn to DAO headquarters (the Alamo) where the last of the evacuees would await their flight. The U.S. Navy records only two commissioned warships named for the state of Illinoisthe current, I Did Not Expect She Would Be Blown Up . There will be a lot of people, he told the American. On 2 May, Task Force 76, carrying the Operation Frequent Wind evacuees and 44,000 seaborne evacuees and the RVN Navy group set sail for reception centers in the Philippines and Guam.[8]. [10] At 08:00 Lieutenant General Minh, commander of the RVNAF and 30 of his staff arrived at the DAO compound demanding evacuation, signifying the complete loss of RVNAF command and control. [6] During their approach to the compound, Carey and Gray got a firsthand view of the PAVN's firepower as they shelled nearby Tan Son Nhut Airport with ground, rocket, and artillery fire. [6]:69, With the fall of Saigon imminent, between 18 and 24 April the U.S. Navy assembled ships off Vng Tu under Commander Task Force 76:[8], USSOklahoma City (Seventh Fleet flagship), Task Group 76.4 (Movement Transport Group Alpha), Task Group 76.5 (Movement Transport Group Bravo), Task Group 76.9 (Movement Transport Group Charlie). WebStruck from the Naval Register, 15 August 2015 USS Durham earned three campaign stars for Vietnam War service and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for Operation Frequent Wind or four campaign stars for the Vietnam Service Medal if the Armed Forces Medal is exchanged for the 18th Vietnam campaign, Operation Frequent Wind [4], Evacuation plans are standard for American embassies. The weather conditions deteriorated as the operation continued. There was an insert page which read: "Note evacuational signal. The airlift resulted in a number of enduring images. At the beginning of the operation, pilots in the first wave reported the weather as scattered, overcast with visibility, except in haze over Saigon, where visibility decreased to one mile. At the beginning of March, fixed-wing aircraft began evacuating civilians from Tan Son Nhat Airport through neighboring countries. File size is 4x smaller. [10]:196 Between 19:00 and 21:00 General Carey transferred 3 platoons (130 men) of BLT 2/4 into the embassy compound to provide additional security and assistance for the embassy. In addition, Air America helicopters and RVNAF aircraft brought additional evacuees to the TF76 ships. All planning would have to be conducted with the utmost discretion. [10] At 23:40 Marines destroyed the satellite terminal, the DAO Compound's last means of direct communication with the outside world. At the beginning of the operation, pilots in the first wave reported the weather as 2,000 feet (610m) scattered, 20,000 feet (6,100m) overcast with 15 miles (24km) visibility, except in haze over Saigon, where visibility decreased to one mile. Chambers ordered the flight deck crew to clear the landing area; in the process an estimated US$10 million worth of UH-1 Huey helicopters were pushed overboard into the South China Sea. [29] Nixon's pledge of Peace with Honor in Vietnam had become a humiliating defeat, which together with Watergate contributed to the crisis of confidence that affected America throughout the 1970s. [33], The Cessna O-1 Bird Dog that Major Buang landed on USS Midway is now on display at the National Museum of Naval Aviation at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. Original file (SVG file, nominally 744 850 pixels, file size: 105 KB). At 10:00 Ambassador Martin confirmed General Smith's assessment and at 10:48 he contacted Washington to recommend Option 4, the helicopter evacuation. As the U.S. fleet steamed away from Vietnam, the Kirk was tagged with a mysterious order to return. When the evacuation is ordered, the code will be read out on Armed Forces Radio. 910 N. Harbor Drive Aircraft flying air cover for the evacuation reported being tracked with surface to air radar in the vicinity of Bin Ha Air Base (which had fallen to the PAVN on 25 April), but there were no missile launches. Tens of thousands of Vietnamese evacuated themselves by sea or air. The biggest problem occurred when the ARVN unit guarding the main gate at Tan Son Nhut refused to allow the last convoy of buses into the DAO Compound at about 17:45. [20] According to US Naval Archives, at 12:30 an Air America Bell 205 landed Air Vice Marshal Nguyn Cao K, Madame K, Dorothy Martin (wife of Ambassador Martin) and others on USS Denver; however, contemporary reports state and photos show that Marshal K piloted his own UH-1H Huey to USS Midway.[20]. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: Operation Frequent Wind ship disposition 1975 - Recreated map.svg, (SVG file, nominally 744 850 pixels, file size: 105 KB), http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en, Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedication, Operation Frequent Wind ship disposition 1975.JPG, Fleet deployment for Operation Frequent Wind.jpg, CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication, copyrighted, dedicated to the public domain by copyright holder, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Operation_Frequent_Wind_ship_disposition_1975_-_Recreated_map.svg&oldid=522731238, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the. In any case this effectively marked the end of the commercial airlift from Tan Son Nhut. [6]:22 Also on 1 April, Plan Alamo was implemented to defend the DAO compound and its annex so it could serve as a holding area for 1,500 evacuees for five days. They quickly established an austere command post in preparation for the arrival of the Marine CH-53s and the ground security force. [36][37] The building in the photo was the Pittman Apartment building at 22 Gia Long Street (now 22 L T Trng Street), which was used as a residence by various embassy, CIA, and USAID employees. Lady Ace 09, CH-46 serial number 154803, is now on display at the Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum in San Diego, California. [21], Major Kean returned to the ground floor of the chancery and ordered his men to withdraw into a large semicircle at the main entrance to the chancery. [9] Workers from Pacific Architects and Engineers visited each of the 13 LZs to remove obstructions and paint H's the size of a UH-1 Huey helicopter's skids. [2]:92. The Kirk joined the remainder of the other seven ships of the escort force. [6] In late March, two or three of these MAC aircraft were arriving each day and were used to evacuate civilians and Vietnamese orphans. In the spring of 1975, two years after the Paris Peace Accords ended U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, the North Vietnamese Army began moving toward Saigon. Operation Frequent Wind was the final phase in the evacuation of American civilians and "at-risk" Vietnamese from Saigon, South Vietnam, before the takeover of the city by the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) in the Fall of Saigon. At dawn on 29 April two A-1 Skyraiders began patrolling the perimeter of Tan Son Nhut at 2,500 feet (760m) until one was shot down, presumably by an SA-7 missile. [5] The Saigon plan had been developed over a number of years. Overbearing tension. These altitudes were also high enough to avoid small arms and artillery fire. Major Kean was then ordered to withdraw his men into the chancery building and withdraw to the rooftop LZ for evacuation. Pay tribute to a Vietnam War Hero past or present and hear the stories of Operation Frequent Wind and the Fall of Saigon from those who lived it. [10]:182 This was the last USAF fixed-wing aircraft to leave Tan Son Nhut. Many of the Vietnamese evacuees were allowed to enter the United States under the Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act. Pilots of other helicopters were told to drop off their passengers and then take off and ditch in the sea, from where they would be rescued. To avert mid-air collisions, the planners chose altitudes which would provide separation of traffic and also a capability to see and avoid the enemy's AAA, SA-2 and SA-7 missile threat (for flights inbound to Saigon and for those outbound from Saigon to the Navy ships). Some, however, including the Kirk, still serve in foreign navies. Evacuation plans already existed as a standard procedure for American embassies. While in command of USS Midway during Operation Frequent Wind, Chambers gave the controversial order to push overboard millions of dollars' [17] Members of the police in Saigon had been promised evacuation in exchange for protecting the American evacuation buses and control of the crowds in the city during the evacuation. [10]:199 At that time Major Kean estimated that there were still some 850 non-American evacuees and 225 Americans (including the Marines), and Ambassador Martin told Major Kean to do the best he could. It has often been misidentified as the US Embassy. [6] [10], By late March, the embassy began to reduce the number of U.S. citizens in Vietnam by encouraging dependents and non-essential personnel to leave the country by commercial flights and on Military Airlift Command (MAC) C-141 and C-5 aircraft, which were still bringing in emergency military supplies. The staff of 9th MAB prescribed altitudes, routes, and checkpoints for flight safety for the operation. [10], During the demolition of the embassy, the metal staircase leading from the rooftop to the helipad was removed and sent back to the United States, where it is now on display at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum. WebBrowse 17 operation frequent wind photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. This will be followed by the playing of I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas. Air America helicopters continued to make rooftop pickups until after nightfall by which time navigation became increasingly difficult. [14], At 17:00 the first CH-46 landed at the embassy. [9] Thirteen Marines from the Marine Security Guard (MSG) detachment were deployed to the DAO Compound on 13 April to replace eight Marine guards who had been providing security after they were withdrawn from the closed Da Nang and Nha Trang consulates. In the helicopter evacuation a total of 395 Americans and 4,475 Vietnamese and third-country nationals were evacuated from the DAO compound[10]:197 and a further 978 U.S. and 1,120 Vietnamese and third-country nationals from the embassy,[10]:201 giving a total of 1,373 Americans and 5,595 Vietnamese and third country nationals. Evacuation of nonessential U.S. personnel began as early as late March. This will be followed by the playing of I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas. [21] At 03:00 Ambassador Martin ordered Major Kean to move all the remaining evacuees into the parking lot LZ which was the Marines' final perimeter. [10]:195, At 19:30 General Carey directed that the remaining elements guarding the Annex be withdrawn to DAO headquarters (the Alamo) where the last of the evacuees would await their flight. Among those arriving at the embassy were Phan Quang n, former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister responsible for social welfare and refugee resettlement,[14]:27 and Lieutenant-General ng Vn Quang. Marine Corps Command and Staff College. Many of the Vietnamese evacuees were allowed to enter the United States under the Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act. The 9th Marine Amphibious Brigade (9th MAB), which was to supply helicopters and a security force for the evacuation, sent a delegation to consult with Ambassador Graham Martin on current plans on 12 April. In any case this effectively marked the end of the commercial airlift from Tan Son Nhut. Helicopters began to clog ship decks and eventually, some were pushed overboard to allow others to land. [6]:3031, With the cause of the crash still unknown, the C-5 fleet was grounded and the MAC airlift was reduced to using C-141s and C-130s. Later that day, the 32 ships entered Subic Bay. [6]:122 Marine pilots accumulated 1,054 flight hours and flew 682 sorties throughout Operation Frequent Wind. Eventually the ARVN commander controlling the gates agreed to permit the remaining buses to enter the compound. [21] At the same time, General Carey met Admiral Whitmire to convince him to resume flights to the embassy despite pilot fatigue and poor visibility caused by darkness, fires and bad weather. Major Kean contacted the Seventh Fleet to advise them of his airlift requirements; until that time the fleet believed that all evacuees had been bussed from the embassy to the DAO Compound and that only two helicopters would be required to evacuate Ambassador Martin and the Marines from the embassy. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos And if we dont get them or any part of them, theyre all probably going to be killed.. In Operation Frequent Wind a total of 1,373 Americans and 5,595 Vietnamese and third-country nationals were evacuated by helicopter. [6], With the cause of the crash still unknown, the C-5 fleet was grounded and the MAC airlift was reduced to using C-141s and C-130s. By 22 April, 20 C-141 and 20 C-130s flights a day were flying evacuees out of Tan Son Nhut to Clark Air Base,[6]:60 some 1,000 miles away in the Philippines. The U.S. government was continuing to observe its obligations under the Accords, notwithstanding the North Vietnamese invasion. The U.S. Embassy in Saigon was intended to only be a secondary evacuation point for embassy staff, but it was soon overwhelmed with evacuees and desperate South Vietnamese. Official U.S. Marine Corps photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives. A C-130 Airborne Command and Control controlled all US air operations over land. The tail rotor sheared off and embedded itself in the engine of an Air America Bell 205 that was doing a hot refueling on the helipad at the rear of the ship. WebTwenty-six ships of Task Force 76, including the Kirk, converged on the South China Sea for Operation Frequent Windthe evacuation of Saigon. At 07:00 the AC-119 was firing on PAVN to the east of Tan Son Nhut when it too was hit by an SA-7 and fell in flames to the ground. The curtain of haze over Saigon so altered the diminished daylight that line of sight visibility was only a mile. [10]:197 At 23:40 Marines destroyed the satellite terminal, the DAO Compound's last means of direct communication with the outside world. It immediately turned toward the threatening radar and fifteen to twenty anti-aircraft weapons opened up on it and the F-4D. On 29 April, with North Vietnamese forces entering Saigon, U.S. [6]:9899 USAF aircraft operating out of Nakhon Phanom Air Base, Korat Air Base and U-Tapao Air Base in Thailand were also overhead for the duration of the helicopter evacuation. . After being struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 January 1995, she was sold to Taiwan on 29 September 1999, and she continues to serve as the ROCS Fen Yang (FF-934). WebBelow, is a link to photographs taken aboard USS Duluth LPD-6 during Operation Frequent Wind in April 1975. The Kirks crew did what they could to repair those that were seaworthy and transfer people from others that were to be abandoned. [10], "Alpha" command group, two rifle companies, and the 81mm mortar platoon were deployed around the DAO headquarters building (the Alamo) and its adjacent landing zones. Companies E and F respectively occupied the northern and southern sections between the DAO headquarters and the DAO Annex. [5] The Saigon plan had been developed over a number of years. [38] Hubert van Es' photo is frequently used in political cartoons commenting on US foreign policy. It immediately turned toward the threatening radar and fifteen to twenty anti-aircraft weapons opened up on it and the F-4D. Armitage, a former Navy officer with three combat tours in Vietnam with the Brown Water Navy, later became Deputy Secretary of State in the George W. Bush administration. They wanted me to take pets from the kids and throw the animals over the side. He instructed his executive officer to Tell the powers that be that the action is done, and then dont do a goddamn thing! Had he followed that order, I would have had a riot on my hands.. [14], From 10:00 to 12:00 Major Kean and his Marines cut down the tamarind and other trees and moved vehicles to create an LZ in the embassy parking lot behind the chancery building. WebOperation FREQUENT WIND. The Marines closed and bolted the chancery door, the elevators were locked by Seabees on the sixth floor and the Marines withdrew up the stairwells locking grill gates behind them. 21st SOS Frequent Wind and Mayaguez Incident gallery, Video clip: Footage of evacuation operations underway aboard USS Midway, including historic Cessna O-1 landing by VNAF pilot Major Buang, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NSC_Meeting,_April_9,_1975_%28topic-_Vietnam,_Cambodia%29%28Gerald_Ford_Library%29%281552383%29.pdf, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/90-29/Ch3.htm, Chapter 5: The Final Curtain, 1973 1975, Air America: Played a Crucial Part of the Emergency Helicopter Evacuation of Saigon p.1, U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Bitter End, 19731975 (Marine Corps Vietnam Operational Histories Series), Operation Frequent Wind: April 29-30, 1975, Thomas Polgar, CIA official during the fall of Saigon, dies, Decent Interval: An Insider's Account of Saigon's Indecent End Told by the CIA's Chief Strategy Analyst in Vietnam, The Air Force in Southeast Asia The end of U.S. involvement 1973 - 1975, Air America in South Vietnam III: The Collapse, Major James H, Kean SSN/0802 USMC, After Action Report 17 April-7 May 1975 p. 3, Last U.S. Marines to leave Saigon describe chaos of Vietnam War's end, Honorable Exit: How a Few Brave Americans Risked All to Save Our Vietnamese Allies at the End of the War, Former South Korean diplomat reconciles with his Vietnamese captors, Gerald R. Ford's Remarks at the Opening of the Ford Museum's Saigon Staircase Exhibit, Grand Rapids Michigan, Photographer who took famous Vietnam War image dies, Option 1: Evacuation by commercial airlift from, Option 2: Evacuation by military airlift from Tan Son Nhut and other South Vietnamese airports as required, Option 3: Evacuation by sea lift from Saigon port, Option 4: Evacuation by helicopter to US Navy ships in the. Guide to the Khanh Van Thi Nguyen Narrative on Operation Frequent Wind. "[15] Frank Snepp later recalled the arrival of helicopters at the embassy while the song was playing over the radio as a "bizarre Kafkaesque time". In the event, air support was not needed as the North Vietnamese paused for a week at the outskirts of Saigon, possibly waiting for the South Vietnamese government to collapse and avoiding a possible confrontation with the U.S. by allowing the mostly-unopposed evacuation of Americans from Saigon. [21]:78, At 04:58 Ambassador Martin boarded a USMC CH-46 Sea Knight, call-sign Lady Ace 09 of HMM-165 and was flown to USS Blue Ridge. [27] Forty-nine Americans, including dependents, were also left behind or chose to remain in Saigon. [20] At some point during the morning RVNAF personnel took five ICCS UH-1H Hueys and one Air America Bell 204 from the Air America ramp. When U.S. President Gerald Ford met with the National Security Council on 9 April 1975 he was told by Henry Kissinger that a maximum of 1.7 million people had been identified as possible evacuees and that these included: American citizens and their relatives, the diplomatic corps, the International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS), third-country nationals under contract by the U.S. government and the employees of the U.S. and their dependents (estimated at about 200,000 people). [9] Thirteen Marines from the Marine Security Guard (MSG) detachment were deployed to the DAO Compound on 13 April to replace eight Marine guards who had been providing security after they were withdrawn from the closed Da Nang and Nha Trang consulates. In Operation Frequent Wind a total of 1,373 Americans and 5,595 Vietnamese and third-country nationals were evacuated by helicopter. Please check back here for updates regarding this event or the reopening of the USS Midway Museum. With the collapse of South Vietnam, numerous boats and ships, Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) helicopters and some fixed-wing aircraft sailed or flew out to the evacuation fleet. [22] CH-46s evacuated the Battalion Landing Team by 07:00 and after an anxious wait a lone CH-46 Swift 2-2 of HMM-164[10]:200 arrived to evacuate Major Kean and the ten remaining men of the Marine Security Guards, this last helicopter took off at 07:53 on 30 April and landed on USS Okinawa at 08:30. They were the last American ground casualties in Vietnam. Most of the Marines were inside the chancery when the crowds outside the embassy broke through the gates into the compound. The Kirk was one of 46 Knox-class destroyer escorts. Brigadier General Richard E. Carey, commander of the 9th MAB, flew to Saigon the next day to see Ambassador Martin; he later said, "The visit was cold, non-productive and appeared to be an irritant to the Ambassador". This meant that scattered clouds existed below their flight path while a solid layer of clouds more than two miles above their heads obscured the sun. The U.S. Embassy in Saigon was intended to only be a secondary evacuation point for embassy staff, but it was soon overwhelmed with evacuees and desperate South Vietnamese. [20]:30, At 14:06 two UH-1E Huey helicopters carrying General Carey and Colonel Alfred M. Gray Jr. (commander of Regimental Landing Team 4 (RLT4)) landed at the DAO Compound. WebUSS Duluth LPD-6 Operation Frequent Wind April 30, 1975 David Watson 8 subscribers 561 views 2 years ago The USS Duluth LPD-6 participated in Operation Frequent Wind on April 30, 1975. [18] Disgruntled ARVN troops repeatedly hit American helicopters with small arms fire throughout the evacuation, without causing serious damage. The Operations were called "Eagle Pull" and "Frequent Wind". More than 7,000 people were evacuated by helicopter from various points in Saigon. At this time, the embassy indicated that another 19 lifts would complete the evacuation. [20] Air America helicopters started flying to the rooftop LZs in Saigon and either shuttled the evacuees back to the DAO Compound or flew out to the ships of TF76. Pilots of other helicopters were told to drop off their passengers and then take off and ditch in the sea, from where they would be rescued. and eight destroyer types for naval gunfire, escort, and area defense, including: The USSEnterprise and USSCoral Sea carrier attack groups of Task Force 77 in the South China Sea provided air cover while Task Force 73 ensured logistic support. The cause of the crash was never determined. The Pacific crossing was extraordinarily calm and peaceful. [6] On 7 April Air America pilot Nikki A. Fillipi, with U.S. Marine Corps Lieutenant Robert Twigger, assigned to the DAO as the U.S. Navy liaison officer, surveyed 37 buildings in Saigon as possible landing zones (LZ), selecting 13 of them as fit for use. Hancock would be involved in both operations. The crowds prevented the use of buses for transporting evacuees from the embassy to the DAO Compound for evacuation, and the embassy gates were closed to prevent the crowd from surging through. [21]:5 Air America UH-1s began ferrying evacuees from other smaller assembly points throughout the city and dropping them on the Embassy's rooftop LZ.

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