1 gram of antimatter explosion radius

Unfortunately that is rather slow, so a few humans will likely survive in bunkers you don't know about, for quite a long time. Use this specific gravity calculator to find the specific gravity of different materials and see whether they will float or sink. So 1 mg 18F-FDG will produce about ~10^15 times as much annihilation energy as a single anti-proton (these are just rough estimates to get a feel for the magnitudes involved). "One particle is left over out of a billion, and this one particle out of a billion is everything we see in the Universe. "It would take us 10 billion years to assemble enough anti-stuff to make the bomb Dan Brown talks . The stand-off distance is: The Hopkinson-Cranz equation is useful for estimating safety distances for explosives. [5][6][7][8], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. After a bit of number crunching that means agram of antiprotonantimatter would cost an absurd 5 quadrillion euros. Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! If the null hypothesis is never really true, is there a point to using a statistical test without a priori power analysis? Such weapons would easy eclipse nuclear weapons in power, e.g., 1 gram of antimatter would equal 23 space shuttle fuel tanks of energy. ", "Mount St. Helens -- From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00", "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA", Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields, Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons, "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements", "The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883", "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance", "Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy", "Hurricane FAQ NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption? What does 'They're at four. The team can create thousands of antihydrogen atoms in only a second but the trap barely catches any. "So this is by far the most energetic process that you can think of.". So yeah, how much antimatter would it take to level a house? [7][8], An antimatter weapon is a part of the plot of the Dan Brown book Angels & Demons and its film adaptation, where it is used in a plot to blow up the Vatican City.[9][5]. The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. Instead of exploding, it sputters and fumes and splits into pieces and generally makes a mess. CAUTION Shock waves 7g divided 7 bn ways would equate to about the equivalent of 40 grams of TNT per person, something like a small hand grenade each. Convert that into mass using $E=mc^2$ and we get $8.13710^6 kg$ divide by 2 because half that mass is coming from regular matter and we have $4.06910^6 kg$. Antimatter is one of the most unstable substances in the world. Everyone knows biking is fantastic, but only this Car vs. Bike Calculator turns biking hours into trees! Get all the latest science stories from across the ABC. The Tsar Bomba is the worlds most powerful nuclear weapon it was developed by Russia and has the explosive force of all the explosives that went off during world war two times 10. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. The blast radius becomes a critical parameter in such scenarios. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. A 10kg antimatter bomb would cause a gigantic 230 megaton explosion. $<< 10^{32}J$ (gravitational binding energy of Earth), We must use an even bigger bomb. Ubuntu won't accept my choice of password. In fact you would need 2.5 trillion tons of antimatter. Nope. Professor Doser once estimated how muchit would cost to make antimatter in large amounts. The time of interaction is very short. With careful planning, I expect less well less than 1 gram of antimatter would be needed to make this a bad day for the earth. rev2023.5.1.43405. Frank Close, a particle physicist at the University of Oxford, points out the time problem, too. They did it by creating a magnetic bottle called a Minimum Magnetic Field Trap. Instead of wasting 1E28 joules in an antimatter explosion on the surface of Earth, how about a nice 1E20 J bomb set off in a carefully drilled hole inside 10 Hygiea -- wait a few months and let gravity do most of the heavy lifting (or falling in this case) when 10 Hygiea impacts the Earth. When it hits the target the capsule breaks and the air/target get hit by the antimatter. "You need 2,000 times more energy to make [anti-protons]," he says. This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. So if correct the answer would answer question number 3, but questions number 1 and 2 are left unanswered. Has the cause of a rocket failure ever been mis-identified, such that another launch failed due to the same problem? In 1996, the Mars Global Surveyor took 11 months to arrive at Mars. It basically all reacts at once release an enormous amount if IR -- enough to melt any rock within sight -- followed by a blast wave. At least a trillion tons, probably an order of magnitude or so more when you account for noncentral location and dissipation loss. "We want to study it to see why it's not here anymore and why the Universe isn't just empty.". By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. In order to reach the core we would have to send it 4,000 miles down. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? And the final is that it might help us solve a fairly enormous cosmic conundrum: why the material universe exists. But whenever this happens when loads of energy gets concentrated and turned into the mass of matter antimatter isborn too. But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. The best chemical rockets, like NASA's Space Shuttle main engine, max out at around 450 seconds, which means a pound of fuel will produce a pound of thrust for 450 seconds. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Lowest tech level to blow up the solar system, Counting and finding real solutions of an equation, A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. The "kiloton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 terajoules (4.1841012J). Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Here they create and capture this bizarre anti-stuff. Antihydrogen cannot be trapped using magnets as it doesnt have an electric charge. ", "Comet/Jupiter Collision FAQ - Post-Impact", "Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the Chicxulub impact", "Huge Global Tsunami Followed Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Impact", "Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact", "That Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Instantly Acidified Our World's Oceans, Too", "Climatic Effect of Impacts on the Ocean", "Sun: Amount of Energy the Earth Gets from the Sun", "Seismic effects of the Caloris basin impact, Mercury", "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: the report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy", "Light curves of type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms", "Big Bang Energy (Ask an Astrophysicist)", "Storage requirements for security sensitive ammonium nitrate (SSAN)", "Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TNT_equivalent&oldid=1150973581. Given that 1 ton is equal to 2240 pounds or 1016.046909 kg we should be able to scale up the explosive yield simply. The antimatter bomb would by far be the most powerful thing humans ever created. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? The explosive energy of a quantity of TNT of the. Speed it up enormously 3. The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: R = 130 W(1/3) = 130 1(1/3) = 130 m The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. [4], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured. The main hurdles are the production and storage of large amounts of antimatter. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. "The best explanation that we have found up to now is to say that there's a slight difference in the properties of particles and antiparticles,"Professor Doser says. What actually happens when an anti-matter projectile collides with matter? Sufficiently big detonations can presumably force a bit of fusion, but it is unlikely to be self-sustaining on its own without confinement. I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. rev2023.5.1.43405. So in this Big Bang scenario, particles and antiparticles would have been coming into existence and then annihilating one another in equal measure. However as science progresses it may be affordable to make an antimatter bomb with significantly more power than a nuclear bomb. This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy. By Snell's law, determine the incident angle by using our angle of incidence calculator. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. Let's shoot to heat up the atmosphere by 200K; there's no way anyone's surviving that. If you really need to do this on the cheap, a 400 km asteroid is really quite a bit of overkill and a 100 km asteroid is probably enough to kill all animal life big enough to be interesting to most people although it may not completely sterilize the earth, and your only need 1 metric ton to target earth. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. This bomb was only 50 megatons. But, taking the statement as accurate (and the source appears to be of generally high quality to me). Check your math. $361,000,000 km^2$ to cover, you'd need another 3,009 MIEVs. Now you can destroy all life on earth using only about 6E4 kg of antimatter, only 60 metric tons of the good stuff. Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a small vehicle. Or would it be similar to a Fat Man Bomb? If you have an absurdly large fireball it will tend to spread more upwards (less pressure, longer mean-free path) and send a big plasma cloud up - bad from an electromagnetic pulse, ozone layer and IR energy igniting stuff perspective. "If we don't find a difference between matter and antimatter, then that's going to be the only remaining explanation," Professor Doser says. Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. I mean like a lot of people I've looked at the "NukeMap" website and gone "Wow, the Tsar Bomb really is pretty destructive", what would the Enterprise-D crashing into a city look like by comparison. Particles of both antimatter and matter were created. The opposite to Worldbuilding: World Destruction, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. Did the Golden Gate Bridge 'flatten' under the weight of 300,000 people in 1987? However that would require a lot more than 10kg. The first is that the technology developed in CERN's Antimatter Factory has been appliedin medical imaging tools calledPET scanners. What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? (Some say that this was adapted into the show based on people who knew Miguel Alcubierre and they put his unpunished theories into the show, but I don't think this was ever confirmed), But there are volumes of Star Trek Tech manuals that base other things "kind of" around science, or at least attempt to, like the Heisenberg Compensation in the Transporters. A gram of antimatter could produce an explosion the size of a nuclear bomb. "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. If you wanted to capture antihydrogen without it getting annihilated, then you would have to use something called a loffe trap. Those made at CERN amount to about 1 nanogram. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. The human body also releases antimatter. If you want to kill all humans on earth, you have a couple of options: According to this person 57 trillion annihilations at 30 cm gives you 1 rad of radiation. When the Tsar Bomba was tested in Russia it produced such a large fireball that it could be seen from 620 miles away. But the point is: antimatter is the opposite of matter. But in Star Trek Generations, the Enterprise D is destroyed (or at least the Star Drive Section) in a massive explosion when they lose antimatter containment, and it has 3,000 m of antimatter storage. And for my Trekkie friends out there, that also means fusion-poweredwarp driveslike those on Star Trek ships are unlikely to be a thing any time soon. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? Is it possible to transform energy stored in anti-matter into coherent radiation? This law states that two identical explosives produce similar blast waves but have different sizes, given the conditions, geometry, and scaled distances are identical.

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